Respiratory and sleep medicine
Pulmonary and pleural metastases
Which cancers spread to the lung and pleura, the radiological patterns (cannonball, lymphangitic, cavitating, calcified), when a new nodule in a cancer patient needs a biopsy, oligometastatic disease with SABR or metastasectomy, and where pleural drainage fits.
Tier 2Condition
Written with AI assistance and fact-checked against the sources below. For exam study, not clinical decisions. How notes are made
At a glance
- The lung is the second commonest site of metastasis after the liver, because it filters the whole venous return. Up to a third of people dying of cancer have lung metastases.
- Most are haematogenous: multiple, round, peripheral and basal nodules. Lymphangitic spread causes breathlessness out of proportion to the chest X-ray.
- A new solitary nodule in someone with past cancer is not automatically a metastasis. Get tissue when it would change treatment.
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Sources
- Optimal care pathway for people with lung cancer (2nd edition)AU/NZCancer Council Australia, 2021
- eviQ Cancer Treatments Online: radiation oncology (stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy, lung metastases)AU/NZCancer Institute NSW, current online edition (version not verified)
- British Thoracic Society guideline for pleural diseaseBritish Thoracic Society (Thorax 2023;78 Suppl 3:s1-s42), 2023
- Palma DA et al. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy versus standard of care palliative treatment in patients with oligometastatic cancers (SABR-COMET). Lancet 2019;393:2051-8The Lancet, 2019
- Palma DA et al. Long-term results of the SABR-COMET phase II randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2020;38:2830-8Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2020
- Treasure T et al. Lung metastasectomy for colorectal cancer in the PulMiCC randomised controlled trial. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2021;3:100080The Lancet Regional Health Europe, 2021
- Guidelines for management of incidental pulmonary nodules detected on CT images (Fleischner Society)Radiology (MacMahon et al), 2017
- Last updated
- 14 November 2026
What changed
- 14 November 2026 Personal emails, About story and Australian-style copy