Snake bite envenoming
Australian snakebite from first aid to discharge, with the envenoming syndromes by snake, serial bloods over 12 hours, one vial of antivenom, why the venom detection kit doesn't decide treatment, and early collapse after brown snake bites.
Tier 2Condition
Written with AI assistance and fact-checked against the sources below. For exam study, not clinical decisions. How notes are made
At a glance
- Many suspected snakebites cause no envenoming: 835 of 1,548 patients in ASP-20 (54%) were envenomed. Envenoming is diagnosed on clinical features and serial bloods, not the bite itself.
- Brown snakes are the commonest cause of envenoming and cause most deaths. In the Australian Snakebite Project (ASP-20, 835 envenomed patients) brown snakes caused 41% of envenoming, tiger 17% and red-bellied black 16%, and 17 of the 23 deaths; there were about two deaths a year.
- The commonest syndrome is venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC), present in 73% of envenomed patients.
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Sources
- Therapeutic Guidelines: Toxicology and Toxinology (December 2024 update, revised D-dimer advice in snakebite)AU/NZTherapeutic Guidelines Limited, 2024
- ANZCOR Guideline 9.4.8: Envenomation, pressure immobilisation techniqueAU/NZAustralian and New Zealand Committee on Resuscitation
- Isbister GK, Brown SG, Page CB, et al. Snakebite in Australia: a practical approach to diagnosis and treatment. Med J Aust 2013;199(11):763-768AU/NZMedical Journal of Australia, 2013
- Johnston CI, Ryan NM, Page CB, et al. The Australian Snakebite Project, 2005-2015 (ASP-20). Med J Aust 2017;207(3):119-125AU/NZMedical Journal of Australia, 2017
- Isbister GK, Isoardi KZ, Chiew AL, Jenkins S, Buckley NA. Early cardiovascular collapse after envenoming by snakes in Australia, 2005-2020: an observational study (ASP-31). Med J Aust 2025;222(6):313-317AU/NZMedical Journal of Australia, 2025
- Last updated
- 14 November 2026
What changed
- 14 November 2026 Personal emails, About story and Australian-style copy