Testicular cancer
Germ cell tumours in young men, the painless lump and scrotal ultrasound, AFP, beta-hCG and LDH and their half-lives, inguinal orchidectomy, surveillance for stage I disease, BEP by IGCCCG risk group, and the late effects of cure.
Tier 2Condition
Written with AI assistance and fact-checked against the sources below. For exam study, not clinical decisions. How notes are made
At a glance
- The commonest solid cancer in men aged 15 to 40, and one of the most curable: over 95% survival overall, and about 80% even with metastases.
- About 95% are germ cell tumours, split into seminoma (about half, older peak in the 30s) and non-seminoma (embryonal, yolk sac, choriocarcinoma, teratoma; peak in the 20s).
- Diagnosis is scrotal ultrasound plus AFP, beta-hCG and LDH. Treatment starts with radical inguinal orchidectomy.
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Sources
- Optimal care pathway for people with testicular cancerAU/NZCancer Council Australia
- eviQ Cancer Treatments Online (genitourinary and germ cell protocols)AU/NZCancer Institute NSW
- EAU Guidelines on Testicular CancerEuropean Association of Urology, 2026
- Oldenburg J et al. Testicular seminoma and non-seminoma: ESMO-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2022;33:362-75European Society for Medical Oncology, 2022
- Gillessen S et al. Predicting outcomes in men with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors: results from the IGCCCG Update Consortium. J Clin Oncol 2021;39:1563-74Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2021
- Beyer J et al. Survival and new prognosticators in metastatic seminoma: results from the IGCCCG Update Consortium. J Clin Oncol 2021;39:1553-62Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2021
- Last updated
- 14 November 2026
What changed
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