Uterine cancer
Unopposed oestrogen and Lynch syndrome as causes, postmenopausal bleeding and the 4 mm ultrasound threshold, tissue sampling, FIGO 2023 staging with molecular class, laparoscopic hysterectomy, adjuvant therapy and chemo-immunotherapy for advanced disease.
Tier 2Condition
Written with AI assistance and fact-checked against the sources below. For exam study, not clinical decisions. How notes are made
At a glance
- Endometrial carcinoma is the commonest gynaecological cancer in Australia and its incidence is rising with obesity. Uterine sarcomas (leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma) are rare. Carcinosarcoma is now classed as a high-grade carcinoma.
- Postmenopausal bleeding is the presenting symptom in about 90%, so most cancers are found at stage I and cured by surgery.
- Every tumour now gets a molecular class, which feeds into FIGO 2023 staging and adjuvant decisions.
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Sources
- Concin N et al. ESGO-ESTRO-ESP guidelines for the management of patients with endometrial carcinoma: update 2025. Lancet Oncol 2025;26(8):e423-e435European Society of Gynaecological Oncology, ESTRO and European Society of Pathology, 2025
- Berek JS et al. FIGO staging of endometrial cancer: 2023. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023;162:383-94International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2023
- Optimal care pathway for people with endometrial cancerAU/NZCancer Council Victoria and Department of Health Victoria (endorsed nationally)
- eviQ Cancer Treatments Online (gynaecological protocols)AU/NZCancer Institute NSW
- NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology, Uterine NeoplasmsNational Comprehensive Cancer Network
- Janda M et al. Effect of total laparoscopic hysterectomy vs total abdominal hysterectomy on disease-free survival among women with stage I endometrial cancer (LACE). JAMA 2017;317:1224-33JAMA, 2017
- Mirza MR et al. Dostarlimab for primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (RUBY). N Engl J Med 2023;388:2145-58New England Journal of Medicine, 2023
- Eskander RN et al. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in advanced endometrial cancer (NRG-GY018). N Engl J Med 2023;388:2159-70New England Journal of Medicine, 2023
- Makker V et al. Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab for advanced endometrial cancer (KEYNOTE-775). N Engl J Med 2022;386:437-48New England Journal of Medicine, 2022
- Last updated
- 14 November 2026
What changed
- 14 November 2026 Personal emails, About story and Australian-style copy