Diabetes complication screening, targets and transition to adult care
When to start and repeat eye, kidney, foot and cardiovascular screening in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the HbA1c, CGM, BP and lipid targets and how to individualise them, and how to move a young adult from paediatric to adult care without losing them, with Australian MBS, NDSS and First Nations specifics.
Tier 1Topic overview
Written with AI assistance and fact-checked against the sources below. For exam study, not clinical decisions. How notes are made
At a glance
- Screening schedules differ by type. Type 2: screen everything at diagnosis, because diabetes has often been present for years. Type 1: start microvascular screening after about 5 years in adults, or from puberty in children.
- First Nations people need yearly retinal screening and earlier cardiovascular risk assessment (from 30).
- Targets are individual. The default HbA1c is ≤53 mmol/mol (7.0%), with time in range above 70% on CGM, BP below 130/80 mmHg and LDL by cardiovascular risk.
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Sources
- Management of type 2 diabetes: A handbook for general practiceAU/NZRACGP and Diabetes Australia, November 2024 edition, web version with 2025 amendments (checked November 2026)
- Australian Type 2 Diabetes Glycaemic Management AlgorithmAU/NZAustralian Diabetes Society and NDSS, September 2026
- Australian Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines for Diabetes (Living Evidence Guidelines in Diabetes)AU/NZLiving Evidence for Diabetes Consortium (Australian Diabetes Society, Diabetes Australia and partners), living
- Continuous glucose monitoring access for people with type 1 diabetesAU/NZNational Diabetes Services Scheme, Page updated October 2026
- MBS items 12325 and 12326: retinal photography for diabetic retinopathyAU/NZAustralian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing (MBS Online), Checked November 2026
- Australian evidence-based guidelines for diabetes-related foot diseaseAU/NZDiabetes Feet Australia, 2021
- Australian guideline for assessing and managing cardiovascular disease riskAU/NZAustralian Chronic Disease Prevention Alliance and Australian Government, 2023
- Standards of Care in Diabetes 2026American Diabetes Association (Diabetes Care 2026;49 Suppl 1), 2026
- ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: microvascular and macrovascular complications in children and adolescents with diabetesBjornstad et al., Pediatr Diabetes 2022;23:1432-50, 2022
- The transition of youth with diabetes from pediatric to adult diabetes care services: a consensus report of the joint working group of ISPAD, EASD and ADAde Beaufort, James et al., Diabetes Care 2026, 2026
- Long-term complications in youth-onset type 2 diabetes (TODAY Study Group)N Engl J Med 2021;385:416-26, 2021
- Last updated
- 14 November 2026
What changed
- 14 November 2026 Turnstile bot check on sign-in and signed-out feedback