Gastroenterology and hepatology
Viral hepatitis
Hepatitis A to E, reading hepatitis B serology and phases, who to treat with entecavir or tenofovir, prophylaxis before immunosuppression and in pregnancy, curing hepatitis C with pan-genotypic DAAs, and hepatitis E in the immunosuppressed.
Tier 1Condition
Written with AI assistance and fact-checked against the sources below. For exam study, not clinical decisions. How notes are made
At a glance
- Hepatitis A and E spread faecal-orally and cause acute illness. Hepatitis B, C and D spread by blood and body fluids and cause chronic disease, cirrhosis and HCC.
- Hepatitis B is controlled, not cured: entecavir or tenofovir suppress it indefinitely. About 220,000 Australians live with it, and about 30% are undiagnosed.
- Hepatitis C is curable in over 95% with 8 to 12 weeks of tablets. Treat everyone with detectable HCV RNA.
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Sources
- Australian recommendations for the management of hepatitis C virus infection: a consensus statement (2022)AU/NZGastroenterological Society of Australia (GESA) and Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine (ASHM), 2022
- Australian consensus recommendations for the management of hepatitis B (2022)AU/NZGastroenterological Society of Australia (GESA), 2022
- B Positive: Hepatitis B for primary care providers, 4th edition (aligned to the 2022 Australian consensus recommendations)AU/NZASHM, 4th edition; PBS prescribing update September 2026
- George J et al. Clinical practice guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance for people at high risk in Australia: summary of recommendations. Med J Aust 2025;223(8)AU/NZCancer Council Australia, 2025 summary (NHMRC-approved 2023 guidelines)
- Australian Immunisation Handbook, hepatitis A and hepatitis B chaptersAU/NZAustralian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing
- EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol 2025;83:502-583European Association for the Study of the Liver, 2025
- EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on hepatitis delta virus. J Hepatol 2023;79(2):433-460European Association for the Study of the Liver, 2023
- Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, care and treatment for people with chronic hepatitis B infectionWorld Health Organization, 2024
- AASLD-IDSA HCV Guidance: Recommendations for Testing, Managing, and Treating Hepatitis CAmerican Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2026 web update
- Last updated
- 14 November 2026
What changed
- 14 November 2026 Personal emails, About story and Australian-style copy